{"id":4726,"date":"2026-08-12T01:58:01","date_gmt":"2026-08-12T09:58:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/treehousewriters.com\/wp53\/?p=4726"},"modified":"2026-07-19T09:04:15","modified_gmt":"2026-07-19T17:04:15","slug":"reprint-the-science-of-bones","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/treehousewriters.com\/wp53\/2026\/08\/12\/reprint-the-science-of-bones\/","title":{"rendered":"[Reprint] The Science of Bones"},"content":{"rendered":"<h3 class=\"theconversation-article-title\">Bones communicate with the rest of the body to support overall health \u2013 here\u2019s the science behind your\u00a0skeleton<\/h3>\n<div class=\"theconversation-article-body\">\n<figure><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/741951\/original\/file-20260615-71-7xcpwb.jpg?ixlib=rb-4.1.1&amp;rect=0%2C0%2C6000%2C4000&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;fit=clip\" alt=\"woman talking to doctor about X-rays\" width=\"493\" height=\"329\" \/><figcaption>Healing after a fracture is just one way your bones contribute to your body\u2019s overall health.<br \/>\n<span class=\"attribution\"><a class=\"source\" href=\"https:\/\/www.gettyimages.com\/detail\/photo\/doctors-are-translating-an-x-ray-of-a-woman-with-a-royalty-free-image\/1347513217?phrase=broken%20arm&amp;searchscope=image,film&amp;adppopup=true\">seksan Mongkhonkhamsao\/Moment via Getty Images<\/a><\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/profiles\/priya-bhardwaj-2610112\">Priya Bhardwaj<\/a>, <em><a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/institutions\/washington-university-in-st-louis-732\">Washington University in St. Louis<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n<p>Each year, doctors treat <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bonehealthandosteoporosis.org\/patients\/what-is-osteoporosis\/\">more than 6 million bone fractures<\/a> in the United States. And while it takes only a few seconds for a bone to break, the processes that keep your bones strong and allow them to heal are taking place continuously throughout your life.<\/p>\n<p>Beneath their hard surface, your bones are alive with activity, continuously being broken down, rebuilt and reshaped. Far from being static structures that simply support the body, bones are dynamic, living tissues that respond to physical activity, hormones and the body\u2019s changing needs.<\/p>\n<p>I am <a href=\"https:\/\/orthopaedicresearch.wustl.edu\/people\/priya-bhardwaj-2\/\">a research scientist<\/a> who studies bone biology and mineral metabolism. To me, one of the most striking things about bone is how dynamic it is, despite its static appearance. Research over the past 15 to 20 years has demonstrated that this is even more true than scientists had previously realized.<\/p>\n<h5>More than just structural support<\/h5>\n<p>For decades, scientists have known that bone provides support, stores minerals and continuously remodels itself. This remodeling is the process bone uses to renew itself, maintaining its strength while allowing the <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2015\/421746\">skeleton to adapt over time<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>Different kinds of bone cells work together to maintain bone structure. Cells called <a href=\"https:\/\/my.clevelandclinic.org\/health\/body\/24871-osteoblasts-and-osteoclasts\">osteoclasts<\/a> remove old or damaged bone, while <a href=\"https:\/\/my.clevelandclinic.org\/health\/body\/24871-osteoblasts-and-osteoclasts\">osteoblasts<\/a> build new bone in its place. Osteocytes, which are cells embedded within bone, help sense mechanical strain and <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fcell.2025.1670716\">coordinate how bone responds<\/a>. Together, these cells help the skeleton stay strong.<\/p>\n<p>But over the past two decades, new research has emerged that is changing how scientists and physicians think about skeletal health. More than just a structural framework, bone also functions as a highly active tissue that <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK279023\/\">helps regulate the body\u2019s mineral balance<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nature12984\">supports blood cell production<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nature10763\">communicates with multiple organ systems<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>Growing evidence also suggests that in order to perform these functions, bones <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cell.2016.02.043\">produce signaling molecules<\/a> that <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tem.2008.02.006\">influence energy metabolism<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK279023\/\">balance the minerals the body needs<\/a>.<\/p>\n<figure><iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/0dV1Bwe2v6c?wmode=transparent&amp;start=0\" width=\"440\" height=\"260\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><figcaption><span class=\"caption\">Your bones are constantly remodeling themselves to suit your body\u2019s needs.<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h5>Lifelong support<\/h5>\n<p>The balance between bone formation and bone breakdown changes throughout life.<\/p>\n<p>During childhood and adolescence, the body builds bone faster than it removes it, allowing bones to grow larger and denser. By early adulthood, most people reach their <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jposna.2024.100031\">peak bone mass<\/a>. After that, bone breakdown gradually begins to outpace bone formation, particularly with aging and hormonal changes. Over time, this shift can increase the risk of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.niams.nih.gov\/health-topics\/osteoporosis\">osteoporosis and fractures<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>Bone is also highly responsive to how it is used. The skeleton is constantly \u201clistening\u201d to the demands placed upon it and adjusting accordingly. Everyday activities such as walking, running or lifting weights <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1249\/MSS.0b013e3181a8c717\">place stress on the skeleton<\/a>. In response, bone adapts by becoming stronger. This is why <a href=\"https:\/\/www.niams.nih.gov\/health-topics\/exercise-your-bone-health\">weight-bearing and resistance exercises<\/a> are so important for maintaining bone health.<\/p>\n<p>On the other hand, prolonged inactivity due to illness, immobilization or a sedentary lifestyle can lead to bone loss. Astronauts also experience <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/reference\/risk-of-spaceflight-induced-bone-changes\/\">bone loss during spaceflight<\/a>, but for a different reason: In microgravity, bones are lifting far less weight, even when astronauts remain physically active.<\/p>\n<h5>Communicating with the rest of the body<\/h5>\n<p>Hormones help regulate the process of bone formation and breakdown as well. Calcium and phosphate levels are tightly controlled by the body because they are essential for nerve signaling, muscle contraction and many other biological functions.<\/p>\n<p>Bone serves as a major reservoir for these minerals. During menopause, a woman\u2019s hormones shift and her body produces less estrogen, <a href=\"https:\/\/health.clevelandclinic.org\/osteoporosis-and-menopause\">causing her bone density to decrease<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>The kidneys and glands, such as the parathyroid glands, produce hormones such as <a href=\"https:\/\/my.clevelandclinic.org\/health\/articles\/22355-parathyroid-hormone\">parathyroid hormone<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.mayoclinic.org\/drugs-supplements-vitamin-d\/art-20363792\">vitamin D<\/a> that act as signals to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK279023\/\">tell bone when to release calcium and phosphate<\/a> into the bloodstream and when to store them. This helps your body maintain stable mineral levels.<\/p>\n<p>In addition to all of those functions, many bones contain bone marrow, the main site of <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/MOH.0000000000000621\">blood cell production<\/a>. Bone marrow produces red blood cells, which carry oxygen throughout the body; white blood cells, which help fight infection; and platelets, which are essential for blood clotting.<\/p>\n<p>The marrow also responds to signals such as infection, inflammation and blood loss by adjusting blood cell production, making the skeleton closely connected to both the circulatory and immune systems.<\/p>\n<p>Researchers have also found that bone not only receives signals from other organs, but it sends signals as well. Bone-derived molecules, including the protein <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cca.2024.120067\">osteocalcin<\/a>, have been linked to <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tem.2008.02.006\">energy metabolism<\/a> and broader physiological signaling.<\/p>\n<p>While scientists are still uncovering the full extent of these connections, growing evidence suggests that the <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1172\/JCI36479\">skeleton is integrated with the rest of the body<\/a> rather than functioning as an isolated structure.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"align-center zoomable\"><a href=\"https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/741950\/original\/file-20260615-57-6gezgu.jpg?ixlib=rb-4.1.1&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=1000&amp;fit=clip\" aria-label=\"Zoomable image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/741950\/original\/file-20260615-57-6gezgu.jpg?ixlib=rb-4.1.1&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;fit=clip\" sizes=\"auto, (min-width: 1466px) 754px, (max-width: 599px) 100vw, (min-width: 600px) 600px, 237px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/741950\/original\/file-20260615-57-6gezgu.jpg?ixlib=rb-4.1.1&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=400&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=1 600w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/741950\/original\/file-20260615-57-6gezgu.jpg?ixlib=rb-4.1.1&amp;q=30&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=400&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=2 1200w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/741950\/original\/file-20260615-57-6gezgu.jpg?ixlib=rb-4.1.1&amp;q=15&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=400&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=3 1800w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/741950\/original\/file-20260615-57-6gezgu.jpg?ixlib=rb-4.1.1&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=503&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=1 754w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/741950\/original\/file-20260615-57-6gezgu.jpg?ixlib=rb-4.1.1&amp;q=30&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=503&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=2 1508w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/741950\/original\/file-20260615-57-6gezgu.jpg?ixlib=rb-4.1.1&amp;q=15&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=503&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=3 2262w\" alt=\"Woman lifting weights\" width=\"441\" height=\"294\" \/><\/a><figcaption><span class=\"caption\">When you do weight-bearing exercises, your bones respond by becoming stronger to accommodate heavier loads.<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"attribution\"><a class=\"source\" href=\"https:\/\/www.gettyimages.com\/detail\/photo\/mature-woman-doing-exercises-at-gym-royalty-free-image\/2212443785?phrase=woman%20lifting%20weights&amp;searchscope=image%2Cfilm&amp;adppopup=true\">Frazao Studio Latino\/E+ via Getty Images<\/a><\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h5>Maintaining bone health<\/h5>\n<p>Because bone is living tissue, it can also heal. After a fracture, the body moves through overlapping stages of repair that include inflammation, formation of new tissue and, later, remodeling of the repaired area.<\/p>\n<p>Healing takes time and depends on factors such as blood supply, stability, <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nrrheum.2014.164\">nutrition and overall health<\/a>. Poor <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK279022\/\">nutrition<\/a>, lack of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.niams.nih.gov\/health-topics\/exercise-your-bone-health\">physical activity<\/a> and health conditions <a href=\"https:\/\/www.hopkinsmedicine.org\/health\/conditions-and-diseases\/metabolic-bone-disease\">like metabolic bone disease<\/a> can disrupt bone remodeling, leading to weaker bones over time.<\/p>\n<p>Lifestyle factors like <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2018\/1206235\">smoking<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00198-004-1734-y\">excessive alcohol use<\/a> and long-term use of certain medications, including <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S2213-8587(25)00251-7\">glucocorticoids<\/a>, can also influence bone health.<\/p>\n<p>Nutrition remains one of the practical foundations of bone health. <a href=\"https:\/\/ods.od.nih.gov\/factsheets\/Calcium-HealthProfessional\/\">Calcium<\/a> is a major building block of bone, and <a href=\"https:\/\/ods.od.nih.gov\/factsheets\/VitaminD-HealthProfessional\/\">vitamin D<\/a> helps the body absorb calcium and maintain normal bone mineralization. Without enough of either, the skeleton has a harder time maintaining its structure and strength.<\/p>\n<h5>New approaches to bone research<\/h5>\n<p>These insights into how bone functions as a living tissue are beginning to reshape how researchers approach bone health.<\/p>\n<p>There is increasing focus not only on bone density, but also on <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1590\/S0004-27302006000400003\">bone quality<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2015\/421746\">remodeling dynamics<\/a> and how the <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nature10763\">skeleton interacts with other physiological systems<\/a>. This broader perspective is influencing how scientists understand and study conditions such as <a href=\"https:\/\/www.niams.nih.gov\/health-topics\/osteoporosis\">osteoporosis<\/a> and age-related bone loss.<\/p>\n<p>Maintaining strong bones is not just about preventing fractures later in life. It is about supporting a living system that contributes to movement, mineral balance, blood cell production and communication with other tissues throughout the body every day.<!-- Below is The Conversation's page counter tag. Please DO NOT REMOVE. --><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"border: none !important; box-shadow: none !important; margin: 0 !important; max-height: 1px !important; max-width: 1px !important; min-height: 1px !important; min-width: 1px !important; opacity: 0 !important; outline: none !important; padding: 0 !important;\" src=\"https:\/\/counter.theconversation.com\/content\/279735\/count.gif?distributor=republish-lightbox-basic\" alt=\"The Conversation\" width=\"1\" height=\"1\" \/><!-- End of code. If you don't see any code above, please get new code from the Advanced tab after you click the republish button. The page counter does not collect any personal data. More info: https:\/\/theconversation.com\/republishing-guidelines --><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/profiles\/priya-bhardwaj-2610112\">Priya Bhardwaj<\/a>, Senior Researcher in Orthopedic Surgery, <em><a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/institutions\/washington-university-in-st-louis-732\">Washington University in St. Louis<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n<p>This article is republished from <a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\">The Conversation<\/a> under a Creative Commons license. Read the <a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/bones-communicate-with-the-rest-of-the-body-to-support-overall-health-heres-the-science-behind-your-skeleton-279735\">original article<\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p><!--more--><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Bones communicate with the rest of the body to support overall health \u2013 here\u2019s the science behind your\u00a0skeleton Healing after a fracture is just one way your bones contribute to your body\u2019s overall health. seksan Mongkhonkhamsao\/Moment via Getty Images Priya Bhardwaj, Washington University in St. Louis Each year, doctors treat more than 6 million bone [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[270],"tags":[1227,382,1122],"class_list":["post-4726","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-medicine","tag-bone-health","tag-bones","tag-health"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/treehousewriters.com\/wp53\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4726","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/treehousewriters.com\/wp53\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/treehousewriters.com\/wp53\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/treehousewriters.com\/wp53\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/treehousewriters.com\/wp53\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4726"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/treehousewriters.com\/wp53\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4726\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4728,"href":"https:\/\/treehousewriters.com\/wp53\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4726\/revisions\/4728"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/treehousewriters.com\/wp53\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4726"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/treehousewriters.com\/wp53\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4726"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/treehousewriters.com\/wp53\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4726"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}